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(Peripheral Arterial Tone) evaluation is a non-invasive test that looks to see if the lining of the arteries are damaged. Endothelial cells line the inner walls of the heart and blood vessels. Damage to these cells is the earliest clinically detectable stage of cardiovascular disease we can observe. Normal endothelial function protects blood vessels from atherosclerosis, hardening of the arteries, or plaque buildup.

The EndoPAT is used in advanced research programs at institutes such as the Framingham Heart Study, The Mayo Clinic, Harvard Medical School, Mount Sinai, New York, Cedars-Sinai, Johns Hopkins, Emory and many more.

Endothelial Dysfunction
EndoPAT has been extensively reviewed in scientific publications. It is based on non-invasive Peripheral Arterial Tone (PAT) signal technology. It measures endothelium-mediated changes in vascular tone using unique bio-sensors placed on the fingertips. These changes in arterial tone are elicited by creating a down-stream hyperemic response induced by a standard 5-minute occlusion of the brachial artery. Measurements from the contra-lateral arm are used to control for concurrent non-endothelial dependent changes in vascular tone.

The automatically calculated result is an index of endothelial function.

For more than a decade endothelial dysfunction has been recognized by the medical community as the critical junction between risk factors and clinical disease. It is the earliest detectable stage of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, it is treatable, and unlike the atherosclerotic plaque which it causes, is even reversible.

EndoPAT is the leading medical device for noninvasive endothelial function assessment. It is FDA-cleared (USA regulation). It is becoming widely recognized as the standard method for endothelial function assessment. Some of the features that make EndoPAT appealing are its noninvasive, user-independence and immediate, automatically calculated test results. It provides clinicians with reliable and reproducible index of endothelial function in a 15-minute. Do you know your EndoScores?

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) is a measurement of the thickness of the innermost layers of the carotid artery wall by ultrasound imaging. This is where atherosclerosis begins. Using a non-invasive ultrasound, a video of the carotids is made and then analyzed for the presence of atherosclerosis and detection of soft and hard plaque at its earliest stages. This is very important since soft plaque is more vulnerable to rupture and can break away from the arterial wall leading to a heart attack or stroke.

The value of carotid IMT has been recognized for its ability to detect early heart disease by the American Heart Association (AHA), the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Society of Echocardiography.

The Science of IMT
The artery from the heart to the brain, known as the carotid artery, is widely accepted as the ideal indicator for the early detection of heart disease. The carotid artery mirrors change in disease progression of the coronary arteries that surround the heart. The carotid artery illustrates the earliest signs of arterial wall thickening and lesion development. Atherosclerosis is the name of the disease. Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) of the artery wall is one of its major manifestations – lesions within the artery are another. The result is an obstruction of the arteries or spontaneous rupture of the lesion. The consequence, in addition to those that can significantly affect your quality of life, is a stroke or heart attack that can result in sudden death. Heart Disease CAN Be Reversed

A comprehensive lifestyle change can sharply reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke. When you aggressively work to know your risk level, manage your risk factors, you can make a vital difference in stopping, slowing or reversing the progression of heart disease. Do you have plaque building up in your carotid arteries or when the lining of your arteries are beginning to damage?

Do you have a heart murmur? The Zargis CardioScan is used to analyze heart sounds for the identification and classification of suspected murmurs (extra heart sounds). Murmurs can be benign, mildly troublesome, or serious. CardioScan improves detection of heart murmurs associated with heart disease.
Within a few minutes the CardioScan can:

• Automatically detect suspected systolic & diastolic heart murmurs and S1/S2 sounds;
• Quickly identify suspected murmurs that have a Class I indication for an echocardiogram referral per ACC/AHA guidelines.  Watch the video

The Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Test is a non-invasive ultrasound evaluation to view the aorta, the largest blood vessel in the body. The aorta supplies blood to the abdomen, pelvis, and legs. A picture is made of the abdominal aorta and sent to our radiologist who will then look for an aneurysm. If found, it will be measured. The closer the bulge gets to 5 centimeters the more likely it is to tear. If that happens it becomes a life threatening medical emergency. This test can identify an aneurysm and help alleviate the possibility of a rupture. Do you know that people with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm do not feel any pain?

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) evaluates the balancing act between the sympathetic nervous system (fight and flight) and the parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest). An imbalance in HRV is the #1 risk factor for sudden cardiac death. The simple hand electro-sensor test shows you a report on the balance between your heart and nervous system in minutes.

Health assessments included in Heart Rhythm Scanner PE:
Resting Autonomic Balance assessment - A standard 5-min resting HRV assessment is conducted. A standard short-term HRV analysis is performed.  Cardiovascular Health - A standard standup assessment is conducted. Then analysis of the autonomic balance before and after standup along with standup maneuver analysis is performed. Baroreflex Function - A standard deep metronomic breathing assessment is conducted. Then analysis of HR variation caused by paced breathing is performed. See sample reports.

Digital Pulsewave Analysis will give you early warning signs of heart disease.
The test analyzes:

• Overall elasticity of large, small and peripheral arteries (arterial stiffness)
• The functional age of blood vessels
• Hydration levels
• Pulse rate
• Left ventricular ejection

Using a finger clip, the blood's pulsewave is followed from the time it leaves the heart and travels through the blood vessels down to the finger. The pulsewave is a snapshot into the cardiovascular system and evaluates arterial elasticity (arterial stiffness), which is related to atherosclerosis. Arterial stiffness is a major cardiovascular risk factor. The test will also help assess your nutraceutical and pharmaceutical needs as well as show the effectiveness of lifestyle changes and/or recommended treatments.

There is strong scientific evidence supporting the use of plethysmography as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for cardiovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease (including primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon).